自由锻的基本工序主要有镦粗、拔长、冲孔、切割、弯曲、扭转、错移及锻接等。模锻又分为开式模锻和闭式模锻．金属坯料在具有一定形状的锻模膛内受压变形而获得锻件，模锻一般用于生产重量不大、批量较大的零件。

The basic process of free forging are upsetting, stretching, punching, cutting, bending, torsion, displacement and welding etc.. Die forging is also divided into open die forging and closed die forging. Metal billets are pressed and deformed to form forgings in the forging die chamber with a certain shape, and die forging is generally used for producing parts with small weight and large batches.

自由锻造所用的工具简单，加工方法通用性强，生产准备周期短，因而应用较为广泛。自由锻分为手工锻造和机器锻造两种。手工锻造只能生产小型锻件，生产率也较低。

The tool used for free forging is simple, the versatile and the production period is short, so it is widely used. Free forging is divided into two kinds: manual forging and machine  Manual forging can only produce small forgings, and the productivity is low.

锻造设备种类很多，按照工作部分运行方式不同，锻造设备可分为直线往复运动和相对旋转运动两大类。直线往复锻造设备1、动载撞击的锻造设备2、动静载联合的锻造设备3，能冲击的锻造设备。

There are many kinds of forging equipment. According to the different operation modes of the working part, the forging equipment can be divided into two categories: straight reciprocating motion and relative rotation motion.

Linear reciprocating forging equipment

1, forging equipment with dynamic load impact

2, forging equipment combined with static and static load

3, high efficiency impacting forging equipment

拔长

也称延伸，它是使坯料横断面积减小、长度增加的锻造工序。拔长常用于锻造杆、轴类零件。

自由锻造的基本工序包括镦粗、拔长、冲孔、弯曲、扭转、错移、切割及锻接等。

Pulling length

Also known as elongation, it is a forging process to reduce the cross-sectional area of the billet and increase the length. Pullout is often used in forging rods and shaft parts.

The basic processes of free forging include upsetting, drawing, punching, bending, torsion, offset, cutting and forging.