锻造是一种利用锻压机械对金属坯料施加压力，使其产生塑性变形以获得具有一定机械性能、一定形状和尺寸锻件的加工方法，锻压（锻造与冲压）的两大组成部分之一。

Forging is a kind of forging process that uses pressure forming machinery to exert pressure on metal billet and make it produce plastic deformation to obtain certain processing methods of forging, which has certain mechanical properties, shape and size, and is one of the two components of forging, forging and stamping.

不知道听到工艺两个字的时候我们更多的想到的是什么?在考虑锻造工艺时特别是***一火的锻造时，应尽量避免在临界变形程度下进行，以免得到粗大晶粒组织。我想很多人对工艺的追求大多体现在对一些艺术品上面。其实不仅仅是艺术品对工艺的要求非常高。在我们的机械领域对工艺也是精益求精的，因为只有高超的工艺才能制造出更的产品，就比如说大口径法兰对它的工艺要求也是很高的。

I don't know what we think about more when we hear the two  of the craft?自由锻造是利用冲击力或压力使金属在上下砧面间各个方向自由变形，不受任何限制而获得所需形状及尺寸和一定机械性能的锻件的一种加工方法，简称自由锻。 I think a lot of people's pursuit of the craft is mostly on some of the works of art. In fact, not only is the art of art demanding very high technology. In our field of machinery, we also strive for improvement in technology, because only superb technology can make more perfect products, for example, large diameter flanges require high technological requirements for them.

自由锻造分手工自由锻和机器自由锻。手工自由锻生产效率低，劳动强度大，仅用于修配或简单、小型、小批锻件的生产。

Manual free forging is inefficient and labor intensive. It is only used for the production of repair or simple, small and small forgings.Free forging cists of manual free forging and machine free forging.

镦粗主要有以下形式：

完全镦粗。完全镦粗是将坯料竖直放在砧面上， 在上砧的锤击下， 使坯料产生高度减小，横截面积增大的塑性变形。

Upsetting mainly includes the following forms:

Full upsetting. Complete upsetting is to place the blank vertically on the anvil surface, hammering on the anvil, so that the height of the blank decreases, the cross-sectional area increases plastic deformation.