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空气能***排点击了解更多「多图」
光电效应当电子从外界获得能量时将会跳到较高的能阶,获得的能量越多跳的能阶也越高,电子处在较高的能阶时并不稳定,很快就会把获得的能量释放回到原来的能阶。如果电子获得的能量够高就摆脱原子核的束缚成为自由电子,电子空出来的位置则称为空穴。自由电子可能会因为摩擦或碰撞等因素损失能量,后受到空穴的吸引而复合。然而如果只是单纯的产生自由电子与空穴,将会因为摩擦及碰撞等因素失去能量,***自由电子会与空穴复合而无法利用。例如,硅的外层电子要成为自由电子需要吸收1.1ev的能量,当硅外层电子吸收到的光能量超过1.1ev时将会产生自由电子及空穴
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发光二极管的发光颜色(波长),困半导体材料及掺杂成分不同而不同。常用的有黄、绿、红等颜色的发光二极管。发光二极管工作电压很低(1 5-3伏),工作电流很小(10-30毫安),耗电极省。可作灯光信号显示、快速光源,也呆同时起整流和发光两种作用。2、发光数字管把磷化发光管或磷化发光管的管芯制成条状,用七条发光管组成七段式数字显示管,可以显示从0到9的十个数字。这种半导体数字显示管的优点是体积小、耗电省、寿命长、响应速度快。3、热载子太阳能电池,提高载子温度能够大幅度提高太阳能电池的效率。
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